Week 2 Lab 2 Deliverable
Answer all questions in your own words. Be as short and precise as you can.
Due before next class
Questions
- The Stanford Open Policing project gathers, analyzes, and releases records
from traffic stops by law enforcement agencies across the United States. Their goal is to help researchers, journalists, and policymakers investigate and improve interactions between police and the public. The following is an excerpt from a summary table created based off of the data collected as part of this project.
a) What variables were collected on each individual traffic stop in order to create to the summary table above?
b) State whether each variable is numerical or categorical. If numerical, state whether it is continuous or discrete. If categorical, state whether it is ordinal or not
c) Suppose we wanted to evaluate whether vehicle search rates are different for drivers of different races. In this analysis, which variable would be the response variable and which variable would be the explanatory variable?
2. A study is designed to test the effect of light level on exam performance
of students. The researcher believes that light levels might have different effects on males and females, so wants to make sure both are equally represented in each treatment. The treatments are fluorescent overhead lighting, yellow overhead lighting, no overhead lighting (only desk lamps).
a) What is the response variable?
b) What is the explanatory variable? What are its levels?
3. What type of variable is telephone area code? Choose only one answe
a) Numerical, continuous
b) Numerical, discrete
c) Categorical
d) Categorical, ordinal
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1A. Country ,State, Drivers race , # of stops , percentage of cars searched, and percentage of stopped drivers arrested
1B. Country- categorical. Not ordinal
State- categorical not ordinal
Drivers race- categorical not ordinal
# numbers of stops per year numerical and continuous
%of cars searches and percentage of drivers arrested numerical and discrete
1c. Race would be the response variable and vehicle search rates would be the explanatory variable
2.Exam performance is the response variable The explanatory variable is the light levels. The levels are fluorescent, yellow and no Over head ( desk lamps)
3. categorical
a) The variables that were collected on each individual traffic stop were:
1) County
2) State
3) Driver’s race
4) Number of stops per year
5) Percentage of cars searched
6) Percentage of stopped drivers arrested
b)
1) County – categorical, not ordinal
2) State – categorical, not ordinal
3) Driver’s race – categorical, not ordinal
4) # of stops per year – numerical, continuous
5) % of cars searched – numerical, discrete
6) % of stopped drivers arrested – numerical, discrete
c) Response variable: % of stopped cars searched
Explanatory variable: Driver’s race
2. a) Response Variable: Outcome of the exam based on sex.
b) Explanatory variable: The different light levels, which are nominal because they are measured by different levels of lighting (fluorescent overhead lighting, yellow overhead lighting, no overhead lighting.)
3. c) Categorical
1-a) County, State, Race, Number of stops/year, Percentage of stops, Drivers arrested.
b)County, State, Race: categorical
Car searched, drivers arrested: numerical continuous
Number of stops: Numerical discrete
c) Race = Response Variable
Search rate = explanatory variable
2-a) Exam performance
b) Fluorescent over head lighting, yellow overhead lighting, no over heard lighting
3-Categorical
1) categorical
2)categorical it is not ordinal because it has nothing to do with order
2b) dependent variable
3) C
1
a. county, state, drivers race, stops per year,% of stops per year, drivers arrested
b. county, state, race: categorical, not ordinal
car searched, drivers arrested: numerical continuous
Number of stops: numerical , discrete
c. response variable: race
explanatory: search rate
2
a. exam performance by students
b. fluorescent overhead lighting, yellow overhead, no overhead lighting
3. categorical
a) The variables that were collected on each individual traffic stop in order to create the summary table are as follows:
• County
• State
• Driver’s race
• Number of stops per year
• Percentage of cars searched
• Percentage of stopped drivers arrested
b) In relation to the variables stated above, they are as follows:
• Categorical (not ordinal)
• Categorical (not ordinal)
• Categorical (not ordinal)
• Numerical (continuous)
• Numerical (discrete)
• Numerical (discrete)
c) The explanatory variable includes the different races, while the response variable would be the vehicle search rates.
2. a) Sex of the participants
b) The effects of the different light levels, which include fluorescent overhead lighting, yellow overhead lighting, no overhead lighting.
3. c) Categorical
1.
A. the variables are county, state, race of driver, number of stops per year, percentage of car’s searched, drivers arrested
B. Race/State/County: categorical, not ordinal. Number of stops per year: numerical and discrete. Percentage searched, numerical, continuous. Percentage arrested: Numerical, continuous.
C. Response variable: percentage of cars searched. Explanatory variable: Race.
2.
A. Response variable: performance on exam by gender.
B. Explanatory: type of lighting, a nominal scale.
3. Categorical.
1. a) county, state, driver’s race, No. of stops per year, % of stopped car searched and drivers arrested.
b) county- categorical, not ordinal
state- categorical, not ordinal
race- categorical, not ordinal
no. of stops per year- numerical, discrete
% of stopped- numerical, discrete
c) Explanatory variable would be race while response variable would be vehicle search rate.
2. a)Response variable is male and female students taking the exam.
b) Explanatory variable is different light levels, which are measured in nominal levels: fluorescent overhead lighting, yellow overhead lighting, and no overhead lighting (only desk lamps).
3. c) categorical
1.
a) The variables collected were the county, state, race, number of stops per year, percent of cars searched, and percent of drivers arrested.
b) County: categorical, not ordinal
State: categorical, not ordinal
Race: categorical, not ordinal
Number of stops per year: numerical, discrete
Percent of cars searched: numerical, continuous
Percent of drivers arrested: numerical, continuous
c) The response variable is car searched and the explanatory variable is race.
2.
a) The response variable is sex–how each performs on exams.
b) The explanatory variable is the light– fluorescent lighting, yellow lighting and no lighting.
3. c) Categorical
1a. drivers race, state and county, number of stops, cars searchex and arrests.
1b. Catagorial: County, State, Driver’s race
Numerical- Discrete: Number of stops / year
Numerical- continuous: cars searched and drivers arrested
1c. The response variable: cars searched and arrests
The explanatory variable: Race
2. response variable: performance on exam by sex
explanatory: the light. Nomial levels
3. Categorial
1.
a) The variables that were collected are county, state, drivers race, the number of stops per year, the percent of stopped cars which were searched, and the drivers arrested.
b) Each variable is categorical and because it is categorical it it is not ordinal.
c) The response variable will be is if the car was either searched or if it was not searched. The explanatory variable will be the driver who was doing the race.
2.
a) The response variable will be the outcome of the exam performance.
b) The explanatory variable will be the level of light. The levels of this is the lighting above head, the yellow lighting above head, but no lighting above head except the desk lamps.
3.
c) Categorical
1.
a) The county, the state, the drivers race, number of stops per year, the percent of cars stopped that were searched, percent of drivers arrested from a traffic stop.
b) County: categorical
State: Categorical
Driver’s race: categorical
No. Of stops per year: Numerical/ Discrete
% of cars searched: Numerical/ Continuous
% of drivers: Numerical/ Continuous
c) Race would be the independent and the dependent would be vehicle search rates.
2.
a) The response variable would be the results of the exam.
b) The explanatory variable would be the type of light used and the level is nominal because even if the type of light used is ascribed a score the number is just a name for the type of light used.
3.
c) Categorical