Week 15, Lab 15
Chi-square continued. Due before next class.
For this deliverable, you should use Excel to perform a Chi-square test of independence. Copy the content of the tables and then perform the steps shown in the second video of lab 14 (click here to review the video). The procedure to do a Chi-square test starts on minute 14:00 of the video.
For each answer, please state the null hypothesis, state if you have evidence enough to reject the null hypothesis, and finally state what the conclusion is.
Q1. A sample of 25 cities has been classified as high or low on their homicide rates and on the number of handguns sold within the city limits. Do cities with higher homicide rates have significantly higher gun sales? Explain your results in a sentence or two. Use an Alpha level of 0.05.
Q2. A program of pet therapy has been running at a local nursing home. Are the participants in the program more alert and responsive than nonparticipants? The results, drawn from a random sample of residents, are reported here. Use an Alpha level of 0.05.
Some results from a survey administered to a nationally representative sample are presented here. For each table, conduct the chi-square test of significance and compute column percents. Write a sentence or two of interpretation for each test. Use an Alpha level of 0.05.
Q3. Is the support for the legal right to an abortion different by age group?
Q4. Does the support for the death penalty differ by age?
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Answer to Query #1: The null hypothesis cannot be rejected since the p-value exceeds the alpha level. Further, the cities which have higher homicide rates demonstrate that there is no significant difference in gun sales.
Answer to Query #2: The null hypothesis cannot be rejected because, as in the first question, the p-value exceeds the alpha level. Further, participants in the program differ statistically because for the high point the p-value increases, while for the alpha level the level decreases. Indeed, they do not demonstrate that they are more alert and responsive than nonparticipants.
Answer to Query #3: The null hypothesis does not demonstrate a difference between both values. In addition, there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis. As a result, there is a statistical difference in support of abortion by age group.
Answer to Query #4: There is insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis. As a result, there is no statistical significance to demonstrate that there is death penalty support which differs by age.
1. The null hypothesis is not rejected due to the fact that the p-value is higher than the alpha level. The null hypothesis trancends the alpha level. There is no significant difference between cities with higher homicide rates and gun sales.
2. The null hypothesis cannot be rejected due to the fact that the p-value increases more than the alpha level.
The participants in the program are different due to the fact that the p-value increases and for low the alpha level decreases.
3. The null hypothesis: There is no difference in the support of abortion by age group. There is indeed a difference.
There is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. The difference in teb support for the legal right to abortion is significant by age group.
4. The null hypothesis shows that there is no difference in the support for death penalty by age. For the research hypothesis there is a difference. However, the support for the death penalty does not differ by age.
1. Null hypothesis: there is no difference between homicide rates and gun sales.
There is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, in conclusion there is no statistical difference between cities with high homicide rates and high gun sales.
2. Null hypothesis: there is no difference between the participants status and the level of alertness.
There is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, in conclusion there is no statistical difference between participants status and their alert levels.
3. Null hypothesis: there is no difference in support of abortion by age group.
There is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, in conclusion there is a statistical difference in support to an abortion by age group.
4. Null hypothesis: there is no difference in support of death penalty by age group.
There is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, in conclusion there is no statistical significance to show that death penalty support differs by age.
1. Null H0: There is no difference between homicide rates and gun sale.
Res H1: There is a difference.
Since p-value is larger than alpha value, we conclude that there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
Conclusion: There is not statistically significant difference between cities with higher homicide rates and higher gun sales.
2. Null H0: There is no difference in the status of participants and their alertness level.
Res H1: There is a difference.
With a p-value of 0.06, there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
Conclusion: There is no statistically significant difference between participant status and their level of alertness.
3. Null H0: There is no difference in the support of abortion by age group.
Res H1: There is a difference.
There is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
Conclusion: The difference in the support for the legal right to an abortion is statistically significant by age group.
4. Null H0: There is no difference in the support for death penalty by age.
Res H1: There is a difference.
Not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
Conclusion: The support for the death penalty does not differ by age.
1. We fail to reject the null hypothesis because the p-value is higher than the alpha level. There is no evidence to reject the null hypothesis because its shown that its exceeding the alpha level. No, the cities with higher homicide rates shows that there is no significantly high up gun sales.
2. We fail to reject the null hypothesis because the p-value increases than the alpha level. No, the participants in the program are statistically different because for high the p-value increases and for low the alpha level decreases. They do not show that they are more alert and responsive than nonparticipants.
3. The null hypothesis does not differ between the values. For the research hypothesis there it shows a significant difference between the values. No, the support group for legal right to an abortion is that there is no dissimilarity by age group.
4. The null hypothesis shows that there is no significant dissimilarity between the values. For the research hypothesis there it shows a significant dissimilarity between the values. However, the support for the death penalty does not show dissimilarity by age.
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